G. David Felt

Jeep is the global sport utility brand of parent company Stellantis and on September 8th, 2022, they announced their comprehensive plan that would achieve the following: Jeep branded, four all-electric SUVs in North America and Europe by 2025 All Stellantis brands committed to achieve 100% passenger car BEV in Europe and 50% passenger car and light-dutry truck/SUV sales mix in the U.S. by the end of 2030 30 billion euro investment from Stellantis in electrification and software which will benefit all brands including Jeep BEV launches to help Stellantis achieve carbon net zero by 2038 75 BEVs launched with annual sales of five million BEVs a year by 2030 Dodge revealed their Dodge Charger Daytona SRT EV just weeks ago. Chrysler announced their first BEV by 2025 as the start to convert and build a complete BEV portfolio by 2028 Ram will reveal their Ram Revolution Electric Pickup in November Jeep has finished joining the American Brands with their electric program that will be part of 28 all-new BEVs that will hit the global market by 2024. Jeep has 4 electric SUVs planned for North America and Europe by 2025 with the first 2 being the all-new Jeep Recon and an all-new Wagoneer. Europe will get their first Jeep BEV with the start of the all-electric Jeep Avenger for the European market which will go on sale after it's debut October 17th as the Paris Motor Show... European Market Jeep Avenger North America and Europe, on sale by end of 2024  Jeep Recon All new Jeep Wagoneer on sale by 2024        

The current biggest cost to electric vehicles is the battery pack. Current battery technology is all focused-on Lithium-ion cells either in hard case cells like Tesla uses or soft case pouches like GM is using. There are positive and negative aspects to either cell type, yet the one thing all these cells have in common is an Anode and Cathode construction with a separator in between. As a battery is charged you have power move from the cathode to the anode moving through the separator and as the battery discharges, the reverse happens move from the anode side to the cathode side in a very simple explanation. Our Next Energy (ONE) is a private startup looking to accelerate the transition to sustainable power by creating innovative energy storage solutions per their company website. ONE was founded on the following three principles: Double the range of electric vehicles Use safer and more sustainable raw materials Establish a localized supply chain ONE is led by the following team: ONE was founded July 2020 and had a successful funding round October 18th, 2021, with a $25 million dollar series A funding by Assembly Ventures and four other private investors. On March 1st, 2022, $65 million Series A funding was achieved from Assembly Ventures and five other private investors for a total of $90 million funding to date. ONE currently has approximately 51-100 employees per their financial details. September 13, 2022 ONE unveiled a 240-Ah prismatic anode-free cell after a successful 12-month R&D effort. ONE believes their anode-free cell is the highest energy density large-format cell ever produced today. ONE has announced that their GeminiTM dual-chemistry architecture will be used by BMW in their iX prototype vehicle later this year for testing. To quote Mujeeb Ijaz, founder and CEO of ONE, “Our prismatic anode-free cell is produced with approximately half of current cell manufacturing equipment for equivalent capacity, allowing us to sharply reduce scale-up cost,” ONE's first-generation 1007 Wh/L cell eliminates the need for graphite and anode manufacturing equipment, thus enabling a $50 per kWh cost at scale. ONE has pointed out the following information about anode-free cells, in the past, these cells had limited use due to a low cycle life making them not viable for electric vehicle use. ONE's Gemini dual-chemistry architecture has reduced cycle and peak power requirements by 90%. Gemini pairs standardized LFP (Lithium Iron Phosphate) and anode-free chemistries into a single battery pack. This special chemistry allows the battery to focus on the two different functions that an EV would use. LFP for daily driving and anode-free for extended long distances. Benefit is the Gemini cells are able to deliver more than 250,000 miles of lifetime service. Quoting Steven Kaye, ONE Chief Technical Officer: “Scaling 100x from a 2 Ah pouch cell to a 240 Ah prismatic in less than 12 months is a testament to the simplicity of the design and ability to use conventional Li-ion production equipment,” “We are moving faster than the fastest research programs that I have been a part of. Gemini will reach volume production in 2026 accelerating electric vehicle adoption by delivering 600 miles of range in a wide range of vehicle platforms, including trucks and SVUs.” Why is this a big deal one might ask? Currently since the start of the company, ONE built their Aries and Aries-II LFP battery packs that use NO Nickel or Cobalt for a more sustainable supply. These battery packs go into production in 2023 and will be found in various fleet type EVs. 300 plus miles of range depending on implementation with customizable battery pack building. Long term for the company is their Gemini cells, in a Gemini Dual-Chemistry 1007 Wh/L battery pack. These LFP plus Anode-free cells is the special sauce where the battery pack has the LFP for local driving delivering 150 miles of range and the anode-free cells pack 450 miles of range, acting as an energy reserve that recharges the LFP cells when needed. ONE durable LFP cells pack 441 Wh/L and are designed for daily driving powering the vehicle motor, acting as the primary traction battery with the 150 miles of stored energy range. The Anode-free side is the 566 Wh/L long range power storage. The Gemini pairs these two unique chemistries together, each doing the job they do best, Anode-free cells of High Energy density, LFP for power and durability. On January 5th, 2022, ONE retrofitted a Tesla Model S with a 203.7 KWh battery pack and an energy density of 416 Wh/L allowing for a 752 miles of travel @ 55mph without recharging. A third party validated and full details can be read here: ONE Battery Powers Electric Vehicle 752 Miles Without Charging Founder and CEO of ONE, Mujeeb Ijaz had this to say: “We want to accelerate the adoption of electric vehicles by eliminating range anxiety, which holds back most consumers today,” Until now, the industry approach in solving range anxiety is to add more charging stations where people are stopping every 150 miles or so, having to wait in long lines for partial charges at various rates extending travel time. ONE GeminiTM battery solution is to offer enough range for every consumer to make an electric vehicle their only vehicle. Company | Our Next Energy (one.ai) Our Next Energy - Crunchbase Company Profile & Funding

We start off with the joint production plant of GM/LG Energy Solutions opening up for production of Ultium Cells in this 2.8 million-square-foot site. This site was planned for production to begin by late 2022. May 2020, ground was broken, steel construction begun and by February 2021 the steel was topped out. Officially prototype battery cells were started in February 2022, but as of September 6th, 2022, the plant had an official ceremony with state, county and city officials along with GM and LG at this site along Route 45 in Lordstown. This site has 800 employees and is expected to grow to 1,100 by late 2023 when in full production mode as this plant will supply the battery packs for the Hummer EVs, Chevrolet Silverado EV Pickups and the Cadillac LYRIQ electric SUV line. GM is on track to move to a full EV portfolio by 2035, a mere 12 years away. Demand for workers will continue to grow in this region as GM will be expanding as they have Ultium Plants 2 & 3 under construction. As of this morning September 12, 2022, Ultium Cells LLC has confirmed they are developing the business case to build a 4th plant a mere 15 miles away in New Carlisle, Indiana. This process is currently moving forward with the local officials and GM with all approvals on track for later this month as GM/LG secure a tax abatement. This will be the 4th $2 Billion-dollar Ultium Cells production site.  This 4th production site will add to the current 3 sites that has GM on track to produce 1 million plus EVs in North America by the end of 2025. This is all part of the GM plan for a carbon neutral auto company by 2045 under the direction of CEO Mary Barra. Keep in mind that competition for workers will be strong in this area as Honda and LG Energy Solutions has announced their first battery production site in Mahoning Valley, Ohio. GM's first Ultium production site will produce 35+ GWh a year by the end of 2023, producing millions of Nickel Cobalt Manganese Aluminum (NCMA) large-format, pouch-style cells per year. This site is the equivalent size of 30 football fields. GM has stated that every plant has room to expand production by double if not triple the current planned output. All total you have the following joint battery cell production sites: Plant 1: Warren, Ohio Ultium Cell site Battery Pouch Official Production started September 2022 Prototype production since February 2022 2.8 million sq-ft 1,100 employees estimated 35+ GWh production, capable of expanding Cost $2 billion Plant 2: Spring Hill, Tennessee Ultium Cell Site Battery Pouch Production to begin by late 2023 Final beam installation happened August 2022 2.8 million sq-ft Estimated 1,300 employees when in production 40+ GWh production, capable of expanding Cost $2.3 Billion Plant 3: Lansing, Michigan Ultium Cell Site Battery Pouch Production to begin by 2024 Steel topping out estimated spring 2023 Plant has been announced to produce battery cells for all Chevrolet and GMC EV truck production. 2.8 million sq-ft 1,700 employees estimated 50+ GWh battery pouch production, capable of expanding Cost $2.7 Billion Plant 4: New Carlisle, Indiana Ultium Cell Site Battery Pouch Production start N/A 2.8 million sq-ft Employee Estimated N/A 50+ GWh battery pouch production, capable of expanding, GM/LG will not confirm or deny this size at this time Estimated Cost $2 Billion All total, GM has a confirmed 125+ GWh battery pouch production of cells for their EV portfolio either online now or coming online by 2024.  Tesla being the king currently in EV production needs to be watching over their shoulder as current production of EVs globally has Tesla at 20 GWh of cell production, though their CEO has stated they are producing much more than that as they continue to ramp up Germany, China and the California and Texas production sites. Keep one thing in mind, as Tesla does produce 35 GWh of cells in Nevada, only 1/3 is used in auto production and the rest based on reports goes to residential and commercial power walls and their solar roof with storage solutions. Big challenge for everyone is the critical raw materials for these battery cells be they pouch design or hard circular battery shape.  GM's Electric Vehicle portfolio as of today pretty much has amounted to the BOLT, BOLT EUV, Hummer EV Truck and Cadillac LYRIQ. Yet there are plenty more coming and these will not be six figures as most companies are selling right now for an EV. Just recently revealed was the Chevrolet Equinox EV. This is their starting point for today as a compact 1LT EV, this Equinox will start at $30,000 according to GM in a front-wheel-drive (FWD) format. Though Chevrolet is allowing folks to build to order in ways that were last seen 40 plus years ago in regard to the fact that while a 1LT is the entry point in FWD, you can add a bigger battery pack or AWD to this auto beside an Alacarte assortment of options. Trim on the Chevrolet Equinox EV is as follows: To quote their press release: Electrifying capability A standard front-wheel-drive system with GM estimated 210 horsepower and 242 lb-ft of torque offers quick acceleration and a fun driving experience for everyday tasks, with a 290-horsepower and 346 lb-ft torque eAWD system available. One-Pedal Driving5 is standard and allows the Equinox EV to accelerate and slow to a full stop, using only the accelerator. It’s paired with regenerative braking6, which can convert the kinetic energy of the vehicle’s forward momentum into electricity that’s stored in the battery pack to maximize the driving range. The Equinox EV also packs the latest in charging technology: Standard 11.5 kW Level 2 (AC) charging, which can add up to 34 miles of range per hour of charging, per GM estimates 19.2 kW Level 2 (AC) charging is available on 3RS eAWD, which can add up to 51 miles of range per hour of charging, per GM estimates Standard DC fast-charging capability of up to 150 kW, which enables approximately 70 miles of range to be added in 10 minutes, per GM estimates GM covers the Equinox EV’s battery with an 8-year/100,000-mile limited warranty, in addition to the vehicle’s standard bumper-to-bumper coverage for added peace of mind. Chevrolet is also offering the following standard safety features: Chevy Safety Assist, which includes Automatic Emergency Braking, Following Distance Indicator, Forward Collision Alert, Front Pedestrian Braking, Lane Keep Assist with Lane Departure Warning and IntelliBeam automatic high beams Rear Park Assist Reverse Automatic Braking Safety Alert Seat Rear Cross Traffic Braking Blind Zone Steering Assist Available safety options are Adaptive Cruise Control, HD Surround Vision, Heads-Up Display, Rear Camera Mirror and Super Cruise. Here is one way a 3LT could look: You then move to top line trim in the 3RS: Here is the complete list released by trim level for the Chevrolet Equinox: Trim Select Content Details 1LT Manual-adjust front seats 11-inch-diagonal infotainment3 screen 11-inch-diagonal driver information center 19-inch machine-face aluminum wheels 2LT   8-way power-adjustable driver seat Heated front seats and heated steering wheel Available Black with Blue Accents interior or Sky Cool Gray interior Available 17.7-inch-diagonal infotainment3 screen 11-inch-diagonal driver information center 19-inch machine-face aluminum wheels Front LED light bar Roof rails Heated outside mirrors Available presence-based power liftgate Available Adaptive Cruise Control9 and HD Surround Vision9 Available Super Cruise4 driver assistance technology Available White roof with Blue exterior Available sunroof 2RS 8-way power-adjustable driver seat Heated front seats and heated steering flat-bottom wheel Available Black with Red Accents interior or Adrenaline Red interior Available 17.7-inch-diagonal infotainment3 screen 11-inch-diagonal driver information center 20-inch dark aluminum wheels Front LED light bar Roof rails Heated outside mirrors Available presence-based power liftgate Available Adaptive Cruise Control9 and HD Surround Vision9 Available Super Cruise4 driver assistance technology Available Black roof Available sunroof 3LT 8-way power-adjustable driver seat and 6-way power-adjustable front passenger seat Front heated/ventilated seats and rear outboard heated seats Available Black with Blue Accents interior or Sky Cool Gray interior Heated steering wheel Dual-zone climate control Heated wiper park 17.7-inch-diagonal infotainment3 screen 11-inch-diagonal driver information center Available head-up display and full-display camera mirror (with rear washer) Available Bose audio system Available sunroof 21-inch aluminum wheels Front LED light bar Roof rails Heated outside mirrors Standard presence-based power liftgate Standard Adaptive Cruise Control3 and HD Surround Vision3 Available Head-Up Display and Rear Camera Mirror3 Available Super Cruise4 driver assistance technology 3RS 8-way power-adjustable driver seat and 6-way power-adjustable front passenger seat Front heated/ventilated seats and rear outboard heated seats Available Black with Red Accents interior or Adrenaline Red interior Heated flat-bottom steering wheel Dual-zone climate control Heated wiper park 17.7-inch-diagonal infotainment3 screen 11-inch-diagonal driver information center Available Head-Up Display and Rear Camera Mirror9 (with rear washer) Available Bose audio system Available sunroof 21-inch aluminum wheels Front LED light bar Roof rails Heated outside mirrors Standard presence-based power liftgate Standard Adaptive Cruise Control9 and HD Surround Vision9 Available Super Cruise4 driver assistance technology Available 19.2 kW Level 2 (AC) charging module7 Chevrolet Equinox EV 3RS While we have the two sub-Compacts BOLT and BOLT EUV, we cannot forget that Chevrolet has already announced their mid size EV, the Chevrolet Blazer. Full details can be seen here: Then we have the full-size Chevrolet Silverado EV truck: Course one could not forget that we have the Hummer by GMC. 1,000 HP and 11,500 lb-ft of torque We then have the luxury segment where Cadillac has their first EV to start the transition over the next few years to a complete EV portfolio. Welcome the Cadillac LYRIQ: It would seem that based on the current level of change that GM is sitting well in the game to change to a green portfolio of electric vehicles. The next couple of years as more and more models come out will show options that others probably have not thought about. Yes, for some the charging network is still not vast depending on where one lives, yet it is growing monthly with investments from the government, auto companies and private charging companies that are stepping up their game.   One area that we have not touched on is Charging. Many say it is way to bothersome to go electric when you have to sit for so long to get recharged. Others say it is like using your cell phone, you come home and plug it into a 220V wall charger and have a full battery pack in the morning. The counter point here is that some say not everyone will pay to have a 220V 50 amp wall charger installed at their home. The idea has always been charging as fast as gas. It would seem the brains at Idaho National Laboratory presented at the American Chemical Society (ACS) Fall 2022 meeting claims they could significantly increase the amount of power is pushed into a battery cell.  Super-fast electric car charging, with a tailor-made touch - American Chemical Society (acs.org) The end result was tailored made methods of charging one's battery pack to full in 10 minutes or less without battery damage or shorter life. The ultimate goal is for the electric vehicle to tell the charging station how to power up their specific batteries quickly and safely.   News | Ultium Cells LLC Ultium Cells Welcomes Ohio Governor Mi... | Ultium Cells LLC GM, LG Energy Solution considering Indiana for fourth U.S. battery plant | Reuters The start of EV battery production is great news | News, Sports, Jobs - Morning Journal (morningjournalnews.com) Warren OH Location | Ultium Cells LLC (8) Welcome, Chevrolet Equinox EV! | LinkedIn Equinox EV (chevrolet.com) 2024 Equinox EV: An Affordable, Functional and Stylish EV (chevrolet.com) All-Electric 2024 Chevrolet Blazer EV Reimagines Customer Choice, Performance, Design (gm.com) Committing to an All-Electric Future | General Motors (gm.com) GM joint venture Ultium Cells considers new battery plant in Indiana (freep.com) Can Tesla Meet 2022 Goals For In-House Battery Production? (lithium-news.com) 2024 Equinox EV: An Affordable, Functional and Stylish EV (gm.com) Blazer EV (chevrolet.com) 2024 Chevrolet Blazer EV PPV Ready for Patrol All-Electric 2024 Chevrolet Blazer EV Reimagines Customer Choice, Performance, Design Committing to an All-Electric Future | General Motors (gm.com) First-Ever Silverado EV: Electric Truck | Chevrolet Introducing the GMC HUMMER EVs | Electric Truck & SUV 2023 Cadillac LYRIQ | Electric SUV | Model Overview