The core of this issue is trucks, any new V8 architecture will be created with trucks as the determining factor in the design. It is only through adaptability of a truck-based design that we have V8s for Camaro, Corvette, and CTS-V.
If a new DOHC V8 is ever developed, it will have to cater to truck applications first and foremost. And, it will have to bring one whole hell of alot more than a DOHC configuration to the table to ever be approved.
Remember now, that CAFE functions on the concept of an average and that GM has already made great strides in efficiency in non-V8 applications. Not to mention the efficiency of the current V8s is outstanding to begin with, and weight reduction across the fleet is a main focus. V8 powered cars will improve in efficiency no matter what, and performance in the real world will be maintained via weight reduction and other technology -based advancements.
GM knows how to do this, and they have risen to the challenge every time the bar has been moved. Their V8 technology is not behind the curve at all, and won't be in the future. In fact, if GM had been as good at keeping other aspects of its products as up to date and real-world effective as the V8s have been, they wouldn't be in such a tough spot as they are today.
The elimination of the V8, and the addition of DOHC to it, are not immediate issues for GM. A healthier, profitable, GM may choose to develop a DOHC V8 for premium models some day, but it won't be tomorrow, and it won't supplant the pushrod V8 except in low volume products. The V8 will continue to evolve as it always has, adapting to changing parameters as required.
With all of that said, I do expect to see a reduction in both displacement and output of V8 engines going forward, but with an offset of weight reduction and midigating tech that maintains performance levels.
GM has the best drivetrain folks on the planet who have proven again and again that they can meet whatever requirements are thrown at them. No one does the V8 better than GM - no one.