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    William Maley

    Cadillac Unveils New A Twin-Turbo 3.6L V6 For The 2014 CTS


    By William Maley

    Staff Writer - CheersandGears.com

    March 18, 2013

    The new Cadillac CTS will be introduced next week at the New York Auto Show, but the brand decided to announce the engine lineup for it this week.

    The big news for the CTS is the introduction of the twin-turbo 3.6-liter V6 good for 420 horsepower and 430 pound-feet. That is mated to an eight-speed automatic transmission. This combination runs to 60 MPH in 4.6 seconds, a top speed of 170 MPH, and returns an estimated MPG of 17 City/25 Highway.

    “The new Cadillac Twin-Turbo brings a new dimension of technologically advanced performance to the all-new 2014 Cadillac CTS sedan,” said David Leone, executive chief engineer. “Delivering power and sophistication, it marks another large step forward in the product-driven expansion of Cadillac.”

    This engine will also be available in the 2014 XTS.

    Other engines for the 2014 CTS will include the 2.0L turbo-four making 272 horsepower and 295 pound-feet of torque, and the 3.6L V6 with 321 horsepower and 275 pound-feet of torque.

    Source: Cadillac

    William Maley is a staff writer for Cheers & Gears. He can be reached at [email protected]or you can follow him on twitter at @realmudmonster.

    Press Release is on Page 2


    Cadillac Twin-Turbo Debuts in All-New 2014 CTS Sedan

    2013-03-18

    • 420 horsepower (313 kW) / 430 lb-ft of torque (583 Nm) – SAE certified
    • Most power-dense six-cylinder in segment at 118 hp/liter
    • Cadillac’s first twin-turbo engine and eight-speed automatic transmission

    DETROIT – Cadillac today announced details of a new Twin-Turbo V-6 engine and eight-speed transmission – firsts for the brand and signature features of the all-new 2014 Cadillac CTS midsize luxury sedan debuting next week at the New York Auto Show.

    The Cadillac Twin-Turbo V-6 is the most power-dense six-cylinder engine in the midsize luxury segment – a 3.6L with 118 horsepower per liter (88 kW/liter) – and the eight-speed automatic enhances fuel economy and acceleration over a six-speed automatic.

    “The new Cadillac Twin-Turbo brings a new dimension of technologically advanced performance to the all-new 2014 Cadillac CTS sedan,” said David Leone, executive chief engineer. “Delivering power and sophistication, it marks another large step forward in the product-driven expansion of Cadillac.”

    Rated at an SAE-certified 420 horsepower (313 kW) and 430 lb.-ft. of torque (583 Nm), it is the most powerful V-6 ever from General Motors. It also has 15 percent greater power density than BMW 535i’s turbocharged 3.0L six, which is rated at 300 horsepower (223 kW), for a ratio of 100 horsepower per liter (74 kW/liter) – and even the BMW 550i’s TwinPower 4.4L V-8, rated at 400 horsepower (298 kW), or 91 horsepower per liter (68 kW/liter). Power density is a measure of efficiency for an engine’s size.

    A pair of smaller turbochargers and an efficient charge air cooler help provide more immediate power delivery. Additionally, approximately 90 percent of the 3.6L Twin-Turbo’s peak torque is available from 2,500 rpm to 5,500 rpm, giving the engine a broad torque curve that customers will feel as strong, willing power in almost all driving conditions, such as accelerating or overtaking traffic on the highway.

    Those features help the new CTS sedan reach 60 mph from a standstill in an estimated 4.6 seconds and achieve an estimated top speed of 170 mph (274 kph).

    The new Cadillac Twin-Turbo will expand the performance envelope of the upcoming 2014 CTS midsize luxury sedan, launching this fall in the United States. The engine will also will be offered in the 2014 XTS large luxury sedan this fall.

    The new engine is a comprehensive upgrade on the 60-degree, 3.6L DOHC V-6 offered in today’s SRX, XTS and ATS. However, almost every component is unique. New features include:

    • All-new cylinder block casting
    • All-new cylinder head castings
    • Strengthened connecting rods
    • Machined, domed aluminum pistons with top steel ring carrier for greater strength
    • 10.2:1 compression ratio
    • Patented, integrated charge air cooler system with low-volume air ducts
    • Two turbochargers produce more than 12 pounds of boost (80 kPa)
    • Vacuum-actuated wastegates with electronic control valves
    • All-new direct injection fuel system
    • Tuned air inlet and outlet resonators, aluminum cam covers and other features that contribute to exceptional quietness and smoothness.

    The 2014 CTS sedan will also feature the naturally aspirated 3.6L V-6 rated at 321 horsepower, as well as a 2.0L turbocharged engine rated at an estimated 272 horsepower.

    Proven foundation, new features

    Because the Cadillac Twin-Turbo is based on the same architecture as the existing naturally aspirated 3.6L V-6, it benefits from many proven technologies including dual-overhead camshafts, variable valve timing and direct injection. Key features also include:

    • A durable forged steel crankshaft that contributes to greater high-rpm smoothness
    • A friction-reducing polymer coating on the piston skirts, as well as fully floating wrist pins that help reduce friction
    • Pressure-actuated oil squirters drench the underside of each piston and the surrounding cylinder wall with an extra layer of cooling, friction-reducing oil
    • A cast aluminum oil pan is stiffer to improve powertrain rigidity and reduce vehicle vibration. It bolts to the transmission bell housing as well as the engine block, eliminating points of vibration.

    The cylinder block casting is unique to the turbocharged engine with cast-in provisions for turbocharger coolant and oil connections, as well as positive crankcase ventilation passages. It uses nodular iron main bearing caps for greater strength to manage the higher cylinder pressures that come with turbocharging.

    The cylinder heads are also unique to the Cadillac Twin-Turbo. They feature a high-tumble intake port design that enhances the motion of the air charge for a more-efficient burn when it is mixed with the direct-injected fuel and ignited in the combustion chamber. The topology of the pistons, which feature centrally located dishes to direct the fuel spray from the injectors, is an integral design element of the chamber design, as the piston heads become part of the combustion chamber with direct injection.

    “The high-tumble heads were developed with advanced modeling programs that helped us determine the optimal design in less time and with less trial and error,” said Richard Bartlett, assistant chief engineer for the 3.6L engine. “Literally hundreds of simulations were performed to optimize the port flow, injector spray angle and pattern, and piston topology to produce a highly efficient yet powerful combustion chamber.”

    Large, 38.3-mm intake valves and 30.6-mm sodium-filled exhaust valves enable the engine to process tremendous airflow. In some conditions, the continuously variable valve timing system enables overlap conditions – when the intake and exhaust valves in a combustion chamber are briefly open at the same time – to promote airflow scavenging that helps spool the turbochargers quicker for faster boost production.

    Hardened AR20 valve seat material on the exhaust side is used for its temperature robustness, while the heads are sealed to the block with multilayer-steel gaskets designed for the pressure of the turbocharging system.

    As with the naturally aspirated 3.6L, the heads feature integral exhaust manifolds, although upper and lower water jackets were added to the heads to provide uniform temperature distribution and optimal heat rejection. On top of the heads, new aluminum cam covers enhance quietness and are designed with greater positive crankcase ventilation volume to support the turbo system.

    Integrated charge air cooling

    Another unique feature of the Cadillac Twin-Turbo is its efficient manner of processing the pressurized air charge through the cylinder heads and into the combustion chambers. A single, centrally located throttle body atop the engine controls the air charge from both turbochargers after the temperature is reduced in the intercooler. This efficient design fosters more immediate torque response, for a greater feeling of power on demand, and reduces complexity by eliminating the need for a pair of throttle bodies.

    Using a pair of smaller turbochargers rather than a single, larger turbo also helps ensure immediate performance, because smaller turbochargers spool up – achieve boost-producing turbine speed – quicker to generate horsepower-building air pressure that is fed into the engine. The Cadillac Twin-Turbo’s integrated charge air cooling system also contributes to its immediate response, because the compressors blow through very short pipes up to the intercooler.

    With no circuitous heat-exchanger tubing, there is essentially no lag with the response of the turbochargers. In fact, airflow routing volume is reduced by 60 percent when compared with a conventional design that features a remotely mounted heat exchanger.

    “It is a very short path from the turbos to the throttle body,” said Bartlett. “The compressors draw their air directly from the inlet box and send their pressurized air through the intercooler basically immediately, giving the new CTS a tremendous feeling of power on demand.”

    The charge-cooling heat exchangers lower the air charge temperature by more than 130 degrees F (74 C), packing the combustion chambers with cooler, denser air for greater power. The twin-brick configuration of the heat exchangers is similar in design and function to the 6.2L supercharged “LSA” engine used on the current CTS-V Series.

    “The LSA engine showed us the efficiencies of mounting the intercooler on top of the engine, especially when it came to packaging and maintaining a short, unobstructed path for the air charge,” said Bartlett. “It’s efficient and effective – and we wanted to build on that experience.”

    The air cooler system achieves more than 80 percent cooling efficiency with only about 1 psi (7 kPa) flow restriction at peak power, for fast torque production.

    Vacuum-activated wastegates

    Unique vacuum-actuated wastegates – one per turbocharger – and electronic vacuum-actuated recirculation valves are used with the 3.6L Twin-Turbo for better management of the engine’s boost pressure and subsequent torque response for smoother, more consistent performance across the rpm band.

    A wastegate is used to regulate the boost pressure of the engine. It provides a method to bypass the exhaust flow from the turbo’s turbine wheel, which can be reintroduced into the exhaust stream – via a bypass tube – to maintain optimal turbine speed across the rpm band. Conventional wastegates are pressure-activated, allowing control of the actuator.

    The Cadillac Twin-Turbo’s vacuum-activated wastegate valves provide more consistent boost control, particularly at lower rpm, to enhance low-rpm torque, for a greater feeling of power at low speeds. They are independently controlled on each engine bank to balance the compressors’ output to achieve more precise boost pressure response.

    The wastegates also work in concert with the recirculation valves to eliminate co-surge from the turbos – a condition that can result in dynamic flow reversal, such as the moment immediately after the throttle closes. This overall system integration contributes to the engine’s smoother, more consistent feeling of performance.

    In addition to the vacuum-actuated wastegates and recirculation valves, the engine employs dual mass air flow sensors and an integral inlet air temperature/humidity sensor, a dual-compressor inlet pressure sensor and dual manifold pressure sensors.

    Eight speeds, no waiting

    The Cadillac Twin-Turbo is paired with a high-performance, paddle-shift eight-speed automatic transmission that offers efficiency and performance advantages over a six-speed transmission – including 1.5-percent greater fuel economy.

    The new paddle-shift eight-speed delivers smooth, quick shift performance – as quick as 0.3-second on wide-open-throttle upshifts – with the quietness, smoothness and refinement Cadillac customers expect. Smaller gear steps – closer ratios – support world-class performance, with quicker, more imperceptible shifting.

    The wide, 6.71 gear spread of the transmission enables the CTS to deliver strong performance at all rpm levels, while achieving good fuel economy on the highway. A “tall,” 0.69-ratio eighth-gear also helps maintain a low engine speed of approximately 1,800 rpm at 70 mph – about 200 rpm lower than a six-speed – which not only enhances efficiency but contributes to a quieter driving experience.

    Complete electronic control of the transmission enables it to select the best gear for the driving conditions, allowing the transmission to “skip” one or more gears, if appropriate, when up-shifting or down-shifting. In manual mode, torque converter lockup is used in gears two through eight to balance performance and efficiency, while preserving the maximum torque multiplication in first gear for optimal launch performance

    The CTS development team tailored the transmission for the high torque output of Cadillac 3.6L Twin-Turbo, which included stronger gear sets and a greater number of clutch plates. The team also wove in driver-selectable performance features enable the transmission to hold lower gears during certain performance-driving situations, for a more connected and responsive driving experience with the new turbocharged engine.

    Paddle-shift control enables the driver manual control of the gear changes, for the ultimate feeling of control of the turbocharged CTS.

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    Recommended Comments



    This is clearly targeting the BMW 535i. The V-series will target the M5. Same w/ the equivalent E-class/AMG models, and Audi A6/S6.

    Actually, with >400 HP and >400 lb-ft, this new engine is aimed squarely at the 550i (400, 450, 15/22-23 mpg), the E550 (402, 443, 16/26 mpg), and the S6 (420, 406, 17/27). Biggest difference is that the Germans have forced-induction V8s, and the CTS will have a V6TT that pretty much matches everyone in power and FE.

    The LLT is still the 535i/E350/A6 3.0T competitor.

    I suppose you could look at it that way...and GM went w/ the TT V6 because they don't have a DOHC V8 available.

    Well, that's how it's gonna be. It wouldn't make much sense comparing a 300/300 engine (535i) with a 420/430 engine (CTS).

    True about the DOHC V8... but then we get into the debate about whether to use the LTx instead.

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    This is clearly targeting the BMW 535i. The V-series will target the M5. Same w/ the equivalent E-class/AMG models, and Audi A6/S6.

    Actually, with >400 HP and >400 lb-ft, this new engine is aimed squarely at the 550i (400, 450, 15/22-23 mpg), the E550 (402, 443, 16/26 mpg), and the S6 (420, 406, 17/27). Biggest difference is that the Germans have forced-induction V8s, and the CTS will have a V6TT that pretty much matches everyone in power and FE.

    The LLT is still the 535i/E350/A6 3.0T competitor.

    I have something about that coming within the next few hours..

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    Let really take a look at this.

    #1 this ain't no economy car.

    #2 It is a larger car than the last CTS

    #3 They weight may not be that much different since it has grown in size even on the Alpha.

    #4 I would not be surprised in the real world numbers will be better. My Turbo is stated as 19 MPG around town and it has never gone below 21 MPG and most year round I see 25 MPG City.

    #5 The TT is an option engine. If MPG is a factor there are smaller engines and the ATS.

    #6 I am sure there will be a Turbo Diesel here at some point too for the MPG crowd.

    I think we should let this play out before we get too worked up. I am sure it will be competitive in class for MPG and as good or better in all other categories.

    This engine will feel and drive much like a V8 but with max torque coming in at or fellow 1800 RPM and holding it to well over 5000 RPM.

    As for up grades it only takes a couple Map sensors and a computer flash [they have not used chips in years] to pick up 50-100 emissions and warranty approved HP.

    This engine and combo should do well for Cadillac and their image. They have stepped out and set themselves apart from the rest of GM with this.

    Now I only wonder what GM has set for the Vette now? I saw a dash in a C7 with two boost gauges! Could we be on a verge of a Vette engine and CTS V with a TT V8?.


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    It is going to be interesting to see if BMW & MB will still have V8s in the next generation of their midsize sedans in non-performance branded (e.g. M or AMG) versions. Audi doesn't have one, nor does Lexus. (though w/ Audi, this output level is comparable to their current S6).

    Edited by Cubical-aka-Moltar
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    the advantage is that Cadillac will be putting an engine in the car people want in cadillac, not one perceived to be a redneck engine or a truck engine.

    I know myself, I would prefer the twin turbo v6. I would not want a v8 in my CTS.

    this engine will go in a bunch of GM stuff also. I'd like to see it in the Corvette and Camaro.

    The marketers need the product to have attributes they can market, not to have to sell concepts that are not much in favor in the buying group's minds.

    60 degree design, two less expensive pistons, shorter and less expensive crankshaft.........

    engine cover is sort of bland.

    Let's clarify something: I am not calling for this car to have a V8 - it should not. I am also not calling for more power - it has more than enough.

    In all honesty, I am simply calling for better results overall. My thinking here is that this engine has leaned too far to the performance side and ignored fuel economy.

    This is V-level performance that should have been toned down in favor of MPG gains.

    The V will have to be a lesson in overkill to slot above this engine, and I see that as a mistake.

    >Ehh, you young-in's and yur newfangled turbochargers and fuel injection. Back in my day we had carburetors and injections implied a trip to the doctor. We had to crank the engine by hand, none of this motorized starter tomfoolery.

    Don't be foolish, the numbers aren't there.

    all I know is the 17/25 is much higher than the FE numbers of the non AWD v8 G8 GXP.......for basically similar performance. G8 GXP was like 13/19.......

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    The present CTS comes in at 3800 pounds and so I expect this one to be similar in weight with the added size.


    The present Camaro of a similar weight with the LS3 is rated at 16 MPG and 24 MPG.

    I find of most of GM's cars of late get the posted MPG or a little better 80 % of the time.

    I expect the Chevy SS to get about the same as the Camaro or one MPG less as I saw some place they expect the car to spec out at 3900 pounds since most will be loaded.

    But again How many people buy a Twin Turbo for MPG let alone a BMW or Benz. If they do they buy a Diesel

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    Now Cadillac is in the game, this is the best engine they have had since 1993 when the Northstar came out. They finally have something that can go head to head with the Germans, and the 8-speed transmission is key. The power output is plenty, 0-60 in 4.6 seconds is quite fast for a luxury sedan. On real roads with real traffic you probably won't even be able to use all that engine's power. This gets them on par with the Genesis V8, and sort of splits the difference between the European V6s and V8s. I like this move.

    The only complaint would be fuel economy, 17/25 isn't bad, the Jaguar Supercharged V6 is only 1 mpg more and has less power, and the E550 V8 with awd gets 26 mpg, but that is rather high for a V8. Would have been nice if they got another 1-2 mpg out of it.

    The turbo 4 needs to be over 30 mpg, and the N/A V6 should be 30 mpg also. The 535i and E350 have 300 hp and 30 mpg, that is sort of expected now in this class. The Germans have more diesels on the way, Cadillac needs one, especially if they want to sell cars outside the USA.

    • Agree 1
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    My guess is this is the ATS-V engine.

    I also predict the 3.6TT CTS to be around $60,000+, sort of where the V-series is now, so that will be interesting to see how that plays out.

    No idea why this engine will be in a FWD barge like the XTS, didn't they notice that no one bought the MKS Ecoboost because a super power FWD car makes no sense, even with AWD.

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    This sounds like an awesome powerplant. People buy European luxury cars all the time with mediocre fuel mileage, I guess Cadillac's just going with the market.

    This engine in the XTS, with AWD, should be a sweet combo, too. But the CTS is the one to have. With its '75 Seville taillights.

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    The XTS AWD is a firmer ride and an equal handler to the E-class, so no reason it can't get this engine.... though I expect it to be downrated for FWD duty.

    You know what might be hot though? SRX-V anyone?

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    XTS and SRX carry a lot of weight over the front axle horsepower doesn't fix bad weight distribution, it makes it worse.

    I did read that on the XTS it will have 370 lb-ft and a 6-speed automatic. They could do that with the SRX also, but what's the point. It is like making a 400 hp Lexus RX, the people that buy those don't want power or RWD handling, they want the feeling of driving wallpaper paste.

    I think the XTS is about to get really irrelevant in a hurry when this new CTS arrives. The CTS will probably have a better interior and it wouldn't surprise me if it had more interior room since the XTS wheelbase isn't very long. Combine that with RWD superiority and more potent engines, and game over XTS.

    • Agree 1
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    XTS has a place and there are still plenty of baby boomers and livery that will want the XTS.

    With the TT V6, stretch an XTS into a Limo and you have a solid power plant as long as it is reliable.

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    XTS has a place and there are still plenty of baby boomers and livery that will want the XTS.

    With the TT V6, stretch an XTS into a Limo and you have a solid power plant as long as it is reliable.

    cadillac-xts-limo-hearse.jpg

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    XTS and SRX carry a lot of weight over the front axle horsepower doesn't fix bad weight distribution, it makes it worse.

    Still better than the Audi's weight distribution for AWD models.

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    The XTS AWD has a 58/42 weight distribution, with a heavier turbo engine and beefed up front end that will probably be 60/40. The Audi A6 has a 55/45 weight distribution. Either way, those cars aren't 50/50 and Benz and BMW outsell Audi by a large margin.

    The 2014 CTS on powertrains already shows promise, 25 mpg from a V6 is nothing great but buyers in this segment don't care too much about fuel economy anyway. I do think they need the turbo 4 and V6 around 30 mpg though, since all the other guys are there.

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    XTS has a place and there are still plenty of baby boomers and livery that will want the XTS.

    With the TT V6, stretch an XTS into a Limo and you have a solid power plant as long as it is reliable.

    The Livery market does not want or need a 400 hp car, they want fuel economy and low cost of operation. Hearses rarely top 30 mph, and Limos can't do sporty driving because you can't make the people in the back sick or roll out of their seat. A turbo 4 (which I know is coming) or a turbo diesel 4 with big low end torque makes more sense than a twin turbo V6. As far as the 65+ crowd buying the XTS (or Lexus ES) they don't care about speed either.

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    Am I the only one that's a little irked that we're just now seeing an eight-speed automatic from Cadillac?

    Naw, most people do not care or really understand the tranny. Marketing has always pushed HP which is a bogus thing also unless you have the proper Torque.

    Torques moves everything. :P

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    I hope they don't put this in the ATS-V. It's essentially inferior in every measure compared to the LT1. It costs more, weighs more, takes up more room, has more things to break, is more maintenance intensive, while making less power, less torque and is less desirable to a performance oriented driver (presence of turbo lag). The fuel economy advantage is either non-existent or minimal (0~1 mpg). For forced induction to be worthwhile you need to do way better than 116 bhp/L

    The engine will essentially appeal to those who blindly worship alphabet soup. But such individuals are likely to buy that Bi-turbo six BMW M3 anyway unless they perceive the Cadillac brand differently. And, the only way to change their minds is not to do what BMW does but do what BMW does not do and kick their butts for a couple of generations of models. Short of that matching alphabet soup won't do you any good because they'll believe that "BMW DOHC Bi-turbo" is naturally better than "GM DOHC Bi-turbo".

    BTW, I stand by my prediction from 1.5 years ago for the ATS-V --

    • Pushrod 6.2 V8 (LT1)
    • 470 bhp / 450 lb-ft (SAE)
    • 8-speed Automatic
    • 17/25+ mpg
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    I hope they don't put this in the ATS-V. It's essentially inferior in every measure compared to the LT1. It costs more, weighs more, takes up more room, has more things to break, is more maintenance intensive, while making less power, less torque and is less desirable to a performance oriented driver (presence of turbo lag). The fuel economy advantage is either non-existent or minimal (0~1 mpg). For forced induction to be worthwhile you need to do way better than 116 bhp/L

    The engine will essentially appeal to those who blindly worship alphabet soup. But such individuals are likely to buy that Bi-turbo six BMW M3 anyway unless they perceive the Cadillac brand differently. And, the only way to change their minds is not to do what BMW does but do what BMW does not do and kick their butts for a couple of generations of models. Short of that matching alphabet soup won't do you any good because they'll believe that "BMW DOHC Bi-turbo" is naturally better than "GM DOHC Bi-turbo".

    BTW, I stand by my prediction from 1.5 years ago for the ATS-V --

    • Pushrod 6.2 V8 (LT1)
    • 470 bhp / 450 lb-ft (SAE)
    • 8-speed Automatic
    • 17/25+ mpg

    You and Camino should talk.

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    CTS will for sure outshadow the XTS but I still think they will put this engine in the XTS. XTS biggest problem is the Epsilon disease, too narrow, also the roof is too low and too little visibility out a claustrophobic cabin. Mainly the older set DTS type fans who want it large inside and very open and roomy feel are a bit put off by the XTS in width and openness.

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    If you do not like the XTS here then it is doing it's job. That car is to appeal to the older owners and fleet and not take people away from the CTS and ATS. If we loved the XTS and CTS then Cadillac did something wrong.

    The XTS will do its thing and the rest of Cadillac will do its thing.

    Omega is coming the only question is who and how will it be leveraged out over the rest of GM. Will it become a Buick Riviera and a new Holden too?

    The whole gear thing once you get to 8 starts to get silly but if it sells cars so be it. It is kind of like wheels as once you get so large you start to pay the price in un-sprung weight for the sake of styling. But again if it sells cars so be it.

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    The XTS isn't too low, it is the crazy high belt line that is the problem. Likewise with the LaCrosse, there is hardly any side window glass in those cars and it isn't due to a low overall height.

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    Most cars today have high belt lines to meet crash standards. GM and Chrysler tend too keep the low roof and smaller windows where Ford lifted the roof on the Taurus and look like a SUV or Checker.

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    If you do not like the XTS here then it is doing it's job. That car is to appeal to the older owners and fleet and not take people away from the CTS and ATS. If we loved the XTS and CTS then Cadillac did something wrong.

    The XTS will do its thing and the rest of Cadillac will do its thing.

    Omega is coming the only question is who and how will it be leveraged out over the rest of GM. Will it become a Buick Riviera and a new Holden too?

    The whole gear thing once you get to 8 starts to get silly but if it sells cars so be it. It is kind of like wheels as once you get so large you start to pay the price in un-sprung weight for the sake of styling. But again if it sells cars so be it.



    I have always said that what's needed isn't more gears per say but a wider ratio spread -- the lowest gear divided by the tallest. The 7-speed and 8-speed boxes tend to have a wider spread, and this is where the overwhelming majority (like 95%) of the fuel economy advantage comes from. However, more speeds doesn't automatically translate to wider spread. For example:-
    • The current GM 6L80 6-spds auto = 6.05 ratio spread (This is about as good as 6-speed conventional automatics get)
    • ZF's 8HP 8-speed auto (used by BMW) = 7.04 ratio spread
    • Aisin's TL80SN (used by Lexus) = 6.71 ratio spread
    • GM's latest 8-speed to be put into the CTS 3.6 Bi-turbo = 6.71 ratio spread (I suspect it's the same Aisin sourced box as Lexus')
    • Mercedes' 7G-tronic 7-speed auto = 8.86 (best in the world at the moment)

    Hypothetically, if you are to create a 6-speed transmission with a ratio spread of 7.05:1 it'll accelerate just as fast as the 8-speed ZF in 1st and be just as economical on the freeway in top gear. Acceleration performance through the gears is arguable. An 8-speed allows for closer ratios in between gears and keeps the engine in a slightly more optimal powerband. Yet, having 8-speeds and closer ratios means that you shift more often and in the fraction of a second when the shift occurs, engine power is temporarily interrupted. So, it is hard to say which will be faster. In a V8 or bi-turbo V6 engine with meaty and flat power curves, less gears may actually be faster. In a small displacement engine making peak power high up and in a narrow rpm range (like a Honda S2000 engine for instance) more speeds is probably faster.

    Edited by dwightlooi
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    Is the ZF 8-speed setup the same in the Chryslers?

    Short answer is, yes!

    ZF8-45 is the same transmission as the Chrsyler-Fiat 845RE. There are some differences such as the choice of clutch pack friction material and the oil pan under the tranny. But even the ZF8-45 varies from application to application in this regard. It's the same exact design and architecture.

    Chryslet-Fiat license builds the 845RE in their Kokomo, IN, tranny plant. But Chrysler is also takes delivery of 845RE from ZF's Greenville, SC facility -- or at least has signed a letter of intent to do so.

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    Is the ZF 8-speed setup the same in the Chryslers?

    There are a few different versions of the ZF 8HP 8-Speed that I know of, each designed to handle different torque ratings. Chrysler uses the ZF 8HP45 with the 3.6 liter Pentastar V6 — or, to be more specific, the 845RE, which is a Chrysler-specific version of the 8HP45 with revised internals and a larger oil pan. The 845RE is designed to handle somewhere in the neighborhood of 400 lb-ft. of torque, and the 8HP45 handles up to 450 lb-ft. As the Hemi-equipped Chrysler Group models ditch the old W5A580/NAG1 five-speed auto and the 65RFE six-speed automatic, those models will recieve the ZF 8HP70, which can handle torque ratings in the ball park of 700 lb-ft. The Hemi-powered 2013 Rams and 2014 Grand Cherokee already have the 8HP70; the Challenger will have it (as well as the 845RE for 3.6 liter models) when it is redesigned on its new LA platform for 2015, and the Charger and 300 will have it when they are refreshed in the very near future. The 8HP70 is also essentially the same transmission used in the new Land Rover Range Rover and BMW 7-Series.

    Considering the new TT GM 3.6 liter V6 is producing 430 lb-ft. of torque, the ZF transmission used here may either be the ZF 8HP45 similar to what Chrysler uses, or the ZF 8HP55 as seen in various Audis. Just my guess.

    Edited by black-knight
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    Considering the new TT GM 3.6 liter V6 is producing 430 lb-ft. of torque, if a ZF transmission is used here it may either be the ZF 8HP45 similar to what Chrysler uses, or the ZF 8HP55 as seen in various Audis. Just my guess.

    Just for the record, that's how that last bit should've read. I don't know if GM's 8-speed box is from ZF or Alsin, although considering what dwight posted about the ratio spread, he's probably right about it being from Alsin.

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    If you do not like the XTS here then it is doing it's job. That car is to appeal to the older owners and fleet and not take people away from the CTS and ATS. If we loved the XTS and CTS then Cadillac did something wrong.

    The XTS will do its thing and the rest of Cadillac will do its thing.

    Omega is coming the only question is who and how will it be leveraged out over the rest of GM. Will it become a Buick Riviera and a new Holden too?

    The whole gear thing once you get to 8 starts to get silly but if it sells cars so be it. It is kind of like wheels as once you get so large you start to pay the price in un-sprung weight for the sake of styling. But again if it sells cars so be it.

    I have always said that what's needed isn't more gears per say but a wider ratio spread -- the lowest gear divided by the tallest. The 7-speed and 8-speed boxes tend to have a wider spread, and this is where the overwhelming majority (like 95%) of the fuel economy advantage comes from. However, more speeds doesn't automatically translate to wider spread. For example:-

    • The current GM 6L80 6-spds auto = 6.05 ratio spread (This is about as good as 6-speed conventional automatics get)
    • ZF's 8HP 8-speed auto (used by BMW) = 7.04 ratio spread
    • Aisin's TL80SN (used by Lexus) = 6.71 ratio spread
    • GM's latest 8-speed to be put into the CTS 3.6 Bi-turbo = 6.71 ratio spread (I suspect it's the same Aisin sourced box as Lexus')
    • Mercedes' 7G-tronic 7-speed auto = 8.86 (best in the world at the moment)

    Hypothetically, if you are to create a 6-speed transmission with a ratio spread of 7.05:1 it'll accelerate just as fast as the 8-speed ZF in 1st and be just as economical on the freeway in top gear. Acceleration performance through the gears is arguable. An 8-speed allows for closer ratios in between gears and keeps the engine in a slightly more optimal powerband. Yet, having 8-speeds and closer ratios means that you shift more often and in the fraction of a second when the shift occurs, engine power is temporarily interrupted. So, it is hard to say which will be faster. In a V8 or bi-turbo V6 engine with meaty and flat power curves, less gears may actually be faster. In a small displacement engine making peak power high up and in a narrow rpm range (like a Honda S2000 engine for instance) more speeds is probably faster.

    That is my point. The greatest need will be with larger engines to keep the RPM down on the highway in various gears with overdrive and to a lesser extent the smaller engines. I think the 8 speeds will be the general tranny on the market as it will handle the needs of nearly every engine out there. A few engines may still be a little high strung or a larger engine and need a gear or two but most will do just fine with 8.

    Also it was noted by someone who really knows this topic that the added weight is also a added consideration to these larger transmissions. I can not recall but he stated the pounds added per gear on average and this is at a time when most companies are removing all the weight they can. Also you have to factor in the weigh of cars too as they get lighter it will change the parameters of need too.

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    If you do not like the XTS here then it is doing it's job. That car is to appeal to the older owners and fleet and not take people away from the CTS and ATS. If we loved the XTS and CTS then Cadillac did something wrong.

    The XTS will do its thing and the rest of Cadillac will do its thing.

    Omega is coming the only question is who and how will it be leveraged out over the rest of GM. Will it become a Buick Riviera and a new Holden too?

    The whole gear thing once you get to 8 starts to get silly but if it sells cars so be it. It is kind of like wheels as once you get so large you start to pay the price in un-sprung weight for the sake of styling. But again if it sells cars so be it.

    I have always said that what's needed isn't more gears per say but a wider ratio spread -- the lowest gear divided by the tallest. The 7-speed and 8-speed boxes tend to have a wider spread, and this is where the overwhelming majority (like 95%) of the fuel economy advantage comes from. However, more speeds doesn't automatically translate to wider spread. For example:-

    • The current GM 6L80 6-spds auto = 6.05 ratio spread (This is about as good as 6-speed conventional automatics get)
    • ZF's 8HP 8-speed auto (used by BMW) = 7.04 ratio spread
    • Aisin's TL80SN (used by Lexus) = 6.71 ratio spread
    • GM's latest 8-speed to be put into the CTS 3.6 Bi-turbo = 6.71 ratio spread (I suspect it's the same Aisin sourced box as Lexus')
    • Mercedes' 7G-tronic 7-speed auto = 8.86 (best in the world at the moment)

    Hypothetically, if you are to create a 6-speed transmission with a ratio spread of 7.05:1 it'll accelerate just as fast as the 8-speed ZF in 1st and be just as economical on the freeway in top gear. Acceleration performance through the gears is arguable. An 8-speed allows for closer ratios in between gears and keeps the engine in a slightly more optimal powerband. Yet, having 8-speeds and closer ratios means that you shift more often and in the fraction of a second when the shift occurs, engine power is temporarily interrupted. So, it is hard to say which will be faster. In a V8 or bi-turbo V6 engine with meaty and flat power curves, less gears may actually be faster. In a small displacement engine making peak power high up and in a narrow rpm range (like a Honda S2000 engine for instance) more speeds is probably faster.

    Hi Dwight,

    If the auto companies then properly program the tranny, you should get great performance from an 8 or 9 speed tranny equal to what you would get out of a 4 or 5 speed. The logic would go that under normal driving to improve MPG they move through the gears as needed to optimize shift points to get every mile out of each squirt of fuel.

    Under hard acceleration, the tranny should then move into performance mode and do a 1,3,5,7 or 8 shift or in the case of the 9 speed, 1,3,5,7,9 as it holds each gear longer and then shifts to the next gear based on RPM and throttle.

    Is this what I gather from your great info?

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    How come they mostly don't make taller top gears for highway cruising.... especially when mated to these torquey engines?



    Edit: The 300C Hemi + 8-speed should be a whole new level of good.....

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    dfelt, on 20 Mar 2013 - 21:43, said:

    Hi Dwight,

    If the auto companies then properly program the tranny, you should get great performance from an 8 or 9 speed tranny equal to what you would get out of a 4 or 5 speed. The logic would go that under normal driving to improve MPG they move through the gears as needed to optimize shift points to get every mile out of each squirt of fuel.

    Under hard acceleration, the tranny should then move into performance mode and do a 1,3,5,7 or 8 shift or in the case of the 9 speed, 1,3,5,7,9 as it holds each gear longer and then shifts to the next gear based on RPM and throttle.

    Is this what I gather from your great info?

    You can always use a taller ratio to reduce the engine RPM at cruise for better fuel economy. The problem with that, of course, is that you can only push it so far. Make the ratio too tall and the car becomes really slow accelerating from a standstill. If you have a 505 hp engine with 470 lb-ft of twist -- like the Z06 -- you can use a tall enough ratio that 62 mph arrives in 1st gear and the car turns over at 1400 rpm at 65 mph in 6th. This is in part why that 7.0 liter engined Z06 turns in 25 MPG on the freeway. Try that on a Honda Civic and you'll probably get off the line at a stop light with the acceleration of a caterpillar.

    Most 7 and 8-speed transmissions do in fact skip gears. However, they generally do that in during gentle acceleration. Many in fact even start in 2nd gear unless you put them in "sport" mode or the equivalent. At full throttle, they generally don't skip. For engines powerfull enough and having a wide enough torque band, a taller final drive (axle ratio) is typically used so the 1st is taller and fewer shifts are needed to reach a given speed (eg. 62 mph). This allows the 8th gear to be taller and provide better fuel economy. You generally do not use a shorter axle ratio then skip through gears so you have fewer shifts during full acceleration -- that defeats the entire purpose of the 8-speed transmission.

    From a technical standpoint, it is the small engines and lower end cars -- like the Cruze -- that benefits most from 7 or 8 speeds. A corvette really does not, nor does an ATS-V powered by a powerful engine. The problem of course is that cheap cars are less likely to receive expensive transmissions even if they need them the most, whereas expensive (and powerful) cars get them while the benefits are marginal. Regardless, if the ATS-V gets the 8-speed Aisin box, look for 65 mph cruising at something like 1200~1300 rpm!

    Edited by dwightlooi
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    Most cars today will Cruise at 1600-1900 RPM as anything lower tends to be too low.

    Taller gears are counter productive for the most part the companies like to gear the cars with a gear that will get them to accelerate at a good pace or even better in a performance car but they still really on he upper gears for the Overdrive to bail them out.

    Todays cars are doing two things here. One is to gain MPG while the other is to lower emissions with these trannys. CO2 laws could be a major issue and with the lower RPM you are putting out less emission and CO2.

    Yes I agree that the new trannys can and do jump gears as I see it in the Malibu and the Terrain. The other thing I note is while the Malibu when shifted to manual mode will go to what ever gear you are in with the paddle shifters while the Terrain will automatically go to 4 gear if you are in 5-6. It is no longer a one tranny tune for all vehicles anymore as each are tailored so much for the vehicle and drive line package.

    The Tranny in my Terrain V6 works less than a 2.4 Terrain. GM has really worked hard to get the most out of the 2.4 Eco in such a heavy vehicle,

    The Corvette team stated they chose the transmissions they are using in the C7 because of the performance is optimum and the weight is good. They claimed anything more did not return any better MPG or performance for the engine they are using. Now if they were using a DOHC non turbo they may be better off with more gears to keep the RPM up when needed.

    But take any new car today and most will be 1600-1900 RPM in top gear with light throttle on level ground. We will not see much change on this. Also with the drop cylinders engines they need so much RPM to remain smooth.

    The key is the move to so many Turbo engines are to deliver the low end Torque and get the cars moving to get up to speed faster. Once up to speed you can get off the gas more and longer and with Direct Injection this adds much to the MPG. Now shifting into neutral and coasting does not do the same thing but leave it in gear get off the gas and the MPGs roll up fast.

    If you learn how to drive a DI engine to take advantage of this you can still have great performance and still get good MPG.

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    I seem to remember BMW saying the 8-speed they switched to a couple years ago weighed less than the ZF 6-speed they had been using. The new 8-speed was something like 25 lbs lighter than what they had been using and had fewer moving parts as well.

    Mercedes 7G transmission starts in 2nd gear for forward and reverse unless it is in sport mode.

    I read only the twin turbo CTS will get the 8-speed, which is sort of sad since even a Hyundai Genesis Coupe 4-cylinder has an 8-speed transmission. I see no reason as to why every Cadillac doesn't have a standard 8-speed on everything, at least on their rear drive vehicles.

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    I am sure they all will get 8 speeds in time as they ramp up production. Even the Malibu has the 4 cylinders on the 4 speed till they got production to the point to support all.

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    I am sure they all will get 8 speeds in time as they ramp up production. Even the Malibu has the 4 cylinders on the 4 speed till they got production to the point to support all.

    They don't have much time, Lexus had an 8-speed transmission in 2007, Hyundai even has their own in house built 8-speed. When Cadillac first got 5-speed autos in the CTS and STS the other guys went to 6, when Cadillac got 6-speeds, Mercedes, Infiniti, Lexus, BMW starting using 7 or 8. If the ATS gets an 8-speed on the 2017 refresh, BMW will probably be on a 10-speed by then.

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    Most cars today have high belt lines to meet crash standards. GM and Chrysler tend too keep the low roof and smaller windows where Ford lifted the roof on the Taurus and look like a SUV or Checker.

    getting sick of the bunker cars. a lot of the public dislikes the problems created by it also.

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Show me the valid real numbers with a final price on the Lyriq before processing for the Lease monthly amount.  My wife always told me I was a very frustrating person when it came to buying an auto as I would push for facts and have on more than one occasion made salespeople cry when they could not get their way playing their monthly afford game. This is how people get ripped off and taken advantage of. The two folks left and came back with the sales manager who tried again with the paper to spin a different tale. At this point, I said fine, I would consider this as I needed to talk with the wife, and she would need to drive the auto anyway before we would buy.  Leaving the Cadillac dealership, I drove south to Chuck Olson Kia, figured I would see how the EV9 drove again and see what kind of deal I could get. Arriving at the dealership, I saw the EV9 I was interested in on the lot, looked it over and turned around to see if I can get some help and a young man greeted me and said he was with another customer, but would let another salesperson know I was looking at that EV9. Only a few minutes later, the sales rep came out, greeted me and had the keys so he opened up the EV and showed me the SUV.  Here the experience was similar in that we took the EV9 in Ice Green for a drive. As I drove it, I was informed about the various features and how they all worked. An overview that was enjoyable as I drove the near silent EV locally. I did notice that it was not as quiet as the Lyriq, but most would not really notice the difference, everything else on the road was far louder. We returned to the dealership and sat down; I asked the rep for the best price on this EV9 he could give me. He left to talk to his manager. Now I was comparing the price of the Lyriq Sport level 2 to this EV9 AWD Land edition and the MSRP price between the two was within a hundred dollars of each other. The EV9 had a number of features that the Lyriq did not have unless I paid substantially more and go to the top end Sport Level 3. At this point the Kia was winning on features giving it a better value due to the two being priced nearly the same. The sales rep came back to the table with a price that was $5,000 off MSRP. I felt based on internet searching that this was a fair price and felt it was good. I asked him then at this price with my IRA rebate of $7,500 what would a three-year lease with 15,000 miles a year cost me per month. The rep said give him a few minutes to have the manager put this in the system and he would come back with a detailed price for me. The salesperson returned about 10 minutes later with a Deal Sheet for me to review. Here is where the difference became clear between this Kia Dealership and the Cadillac Dealership. The Deal Sheet had all the numbers listed out clearly. Any person could walk through this in full understanding. The lease deal, started off with the Stock number for the EV9, had the MSRP listed, discount, then Selling price of the EV9. This was followed by a blank field for accessories or add on sales items as the sales rep explained. The rebate for $7,500 was clearly listed, blank space for Trade, cash cap reduction, license fee, doc fee ending in a final price of the EV that was then broken down by 36 months @ 15,000 miles a year for a Base monthly rental cost and then the sales tax on the whole deal which was broken down into monthly tax rate added to the monthly lease amount. Residual value at the end of the lease, a residual money factor that is a decimal number used to figure out the monthly lease rate. All in all, a very clear understandable deal and the monthly price for the EV9 was $837 per month compared to $1,200 plus for the Cadillac. I told the salesperson that I would need to talk to my wife when she got home tonight and would give him a call back. As I was getting ready to leave, I realized I had forgotten to ask an important question. Could the front driver and passenger windows be tinted to match the rest of the auto. Due to having had skin cancer, blocking out UV plus just having it darker is what I prefer. The sales rep said he believed so but would have to check with his manager and could call me if I gave him my number later. I left him my cell number and headed home. Sitting at home, I was thinking about the experience at the Cadillac dealership and wondering, can it really be that bad at any other dealership? So, I did a search and found the identical Cadillac Lyriq Sport 2 AWD Celestial Metallic at the Bellevue Cadillac dealership and much farther away at Larson Cadillac of Fife. Off to Bellevue I went. Arriving at the Bellevue Cadillac dealership, I was promptly greeted and professionally questioned on the auto I was interested in. The young man was always polite and more than happy to help me. This dealership is one of the newly built from the ground up dealerships that truly echo's Luxury and what I would expect from a luxury dealership. Due to the knowledge of the salesperson like the other dealership, it started off positive, went out to check and see if the auto their website stated they had on hand was actually there. It was, Identical to the one at Brotherton Cadillac NW in Shoreline Washington. At this point, I gave him the same info I had given the other person to see what the pricing would be. Ten minutes later he returned with a printed sheet of paper, that was better than handwritten. Had a set sale price that was a couple thousand off the MSRP, had a rebate of $1,000 showing a reduced price, document fee, licensing and a theft engraving that he said they do on all autos sold there so nothing I could do about not wanting it. The total at the end showed a lease money factor, term, mileage and residual with a base payment of $1,042 dollars. with no money down.  Now two things I noticed, one was that the IRA rebate was not showing anywhere on the paperwork and the second item was that at least their price was over $200 less than the other dealership. I inquired about the $7,500 rebate and he said he did not know and would go ask. Upon returning he said it was factored into the residual value of the Lyriq when I traded it back in. I pointed out that the rebate does not go into a value of the vehicle but is paid to the dealership and so comes off the price of the auto. Things continued to go downhill from here as I was told by him that I did not understand how leasing worked. His sales manager stopped by, and I pointed this out, same response, I do not understand how leasing works. I informed them that I would need to present this to my wife and discuss it with her. They attempted the pressure response of get her on the phone, we can explain it and you can drive home in your new EV. They were not happy with me and would not let me have the paperwork. When they stepped out to talk, I snapped a quick picture of the printed paperwork. Two Cadillac dealerships, two different lease prices on the identically spec / priced Lyriq Sport 2 and no honest showing of where the rebate would end up at.  Heading home this made me wonder about Cadillac and their EV focus which we have since learned in the news has changed to having ICE and EV through 2030 and beyond. At home, I explained my day of EV shopping to the wife, she was disappointed that Cadillac was not forthcoming with their pricing. She liked the looks of the Lyriq as much as the looks of the Kia EV9. At this point the phone rang, and it was the sales rep for Kia. He informed me that yes, the doors could be tinted and that his sales manager if we were willing to move forward with the deal would throw in the front window tinting. We setup an appointment for Saturday morning to go and test drive the EV9 with the wife to ensure she would be happy driving it. For full details on our EV9 Purchase read this story: Now at this point, I figured I would relax for the evening, but I got another phone call from a sales rep at Larson Cadillac who informed me that the Lyriq I was interested was already sold at their dealership, but he could make me another deal on a like existing Lyriq, different color. I informed him that my wife liked the 800V Lyriq in the Celestial Metallic. The man on the other end of the phone said he could see if they could do a trade to get what we were interested in, but he wanted me to understand that the Lyriq was not a true 800V EV. I was surprised by his comment and asked him why it was not a true 800V EV. I learned and have verified that the only EV GM makes that truly can handle 350 kW fast charging is the Hummers, the Lyriq has an 800V electrical system, but the battery packs are first generation and as such only rated at 400V meaning they have a top charging speed of 150 kW. GM is planning to roll out 800V battery packs starting with the Chevrolet and GMC full size pickups. All other EVs will continue to use the 400V battery packs for now. At this point, I thanked the man for his time and would think on it and get back to him. As a person wanting to be current, this takes me to the Kia EV9 only. I did not say anything to my wife about the tech and hoped she would be happy with how it drove. Luckily that was a success the next day. I have spent half my life on the sales side and in training new sales folks there is a pretty basic 5 step process in sales: 1) Greet the customer inquiring what brought them in today 2) Qualify the person on what they want 3) Trial close to see if they are ready 4) Clarify questions and overcome concerns 5) Close the Sale. To accomplish this basic 5 steps, you first have to fully train the individual in what they are selling. Here Cadillac clearly is not or possibly the dealerships are not wanting to ensure everyone know how to sell an EV. Recap of this whole shopping experience is that Kia is nailing it with a professional sales experience, knowledgeable people on their products and a sales / lease process that is clear hiding nothing from allowing you to commit to buying or leasing a new auto. Cadillac on the other hand has left me with the feeling of snake oil salespersons at both dealerships with vague pricing, vague rebates and me wondering just how much they really want to earn my repeat business as I would love to replace my current Escalade with an Escalade IQ, but at this point, Genesis the luxury brand for Hyundai / Kia will reveal their Full Size GV90 ICE/Hybrid/Electric SUV summer of 2024 and I might just be replacing it with a Genesis. Any questions, ask away.   View full article
    • Rivian? Value? That's hilarious.🤣
    • Let me put it this way, The amount of money I saved with the interior having more room inside than my current Escalade and the silent comfort, It is a win to me with not having to deal with any of the ICE maintenance or gas trips. My leasing / buying story should help enlighten you on why leasing an EV is a good thing right now. I am also putting in a Level 2 charger at the house that will be another story on the research, cost, etc. So you can follow up on that story too.
    • I stumbled upon a small meetup this weekend. There's a new custom/restoration shop about two blocks from my home and I was walking to a Casey's to grab a cake donut for my wife (hahaha) and this is right next to the Casey's.  This grey Chevelle was perfect, absolutely perfect. The plate is the name of the shop, Xtreme (restoration, bodywork, modification). I'm sure this is their show piece, and what a piece of work/art it is! I believe the van is theirs as well.  Later that day we ran to Aldi and came across the International Scout. it was far from mint condition, but it was "pretty good" but even cooler to see it just out and about. 
    • That's an exciting purchase, EV is tempting to me, but I still think all these current Gen EV's are too expensive compared to ICE cars.  If they can cut weight and cost 15% then I think the flood gates open on EV sales.
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